Use the Handbrake video encoder labeled "H.265 10-bit (x265)". Doing that in FCP or Compressor on x86 is too slow due to lack of hardware acceleration. If it's too large, a workaround is export as ProRes 422 and use Handbrake to transcode to 10-bit HEVC. If exporting to ProRes 422 looks better, you can upload that, assuming it's not too big. Even 10-bit 4:2:0 is a lot better than 8-bit 4:2:0. If you can shoot 10-bit 4:2:2 material that often helps a lot. When the material is graded in post to pull back more contrast, it often causes banding and if encoded with a highly compressed codec like H264 it can show macro blocking. If the scene then contains a gradient such as a grey wall, white wall, blue sky, etc, there might be only 10-20 values to span the shallow tonal gradient. If shooting with a flat profile like SLog2 or SLog3, these may be compressed to maybe 100 values. With 8-bit material there are only 255 possible tonal values for each color. With NR it's smoother but with only 8-bit material it can quickly go into banding or macro blocking after color grading and compression, and esp. Without NR, there is true "grainy type" noise, which tends to inhibit banding and macro blocking. It can be exacerbated by using noise reduction. If that doesn't help, as stated above try Format: Video & Audio, Video Codec: Apple ProRes 422. You could try exporting it using File>Share>Master File>Settings, Format: Computer, Video Codec: H.264 Better Quality, Resolution: either 4k or 1080p. It is more common if exported at a lower bit rate, which requires more compression. It can happen fairly easily with gradients such as the white wall, blue sky, etc. if shot with a flat profile and graded in post. On Youtube it appears to be "macro blocking" compression artifacts which are often seen on 8-bit H264 material, esp. How does the original ungraded camera file look when played back locally in Quicktime, and how does the graded exported file look when played locally? How does it look if exported as ProRes 422 and played locally? It's difficult to evaluate on Youtube since that is a re-encoded version of the uploaded file.
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